On the extended Kulish and Chan superfluid model

Abstract

Recently, Kulish and Chan [1, 2] proposed a physical phase-lagged model which explains high temperature superfluidity in startup flows. In this article, the complete set of phase-lagged governing equations of an isotropic fluid is presented. For the first time, we present a derivation of the phased-lagged governing equations from the physical conservation equations, including conservation of mass, momentum and energy. These equations are shown to explain the possibility of hightemperature as well as low-temperature superfluidity. The existence of the thermo-mechanical effect is shown to be a consequence of the phase-lagged model. It is also shown that there is a unique similarity between the Extended Kulish and Chan (EKC) model and the Extended Thermodynamics (ET)model of superfluidity.